How To Use Le La Les Lui Leur In French
Mastering the French pronouns is not an easy part of French grammar. Pronouns are words which replace nouns. It can be tricky to understand the difference in usage between le, la,les ( direct pronouns) and lui, leur ( indirect pronouns). Le, la, lui, leur⊠how do we choose the correct pronoun ?
This week, this blog post will help you to understand how to use the pronouns le, la, les, lui, leur correctly. There are various examples and an exercise at the end of the article which will help you to understand their usage in context.
Table of content
1 - Pronouns Le,La,Les
2- Pronouns Lui,Leur
3-Exercice to practise Lui,Leur,Le,La,Les
1 -Pronouns Le,La,Les & Examples in Context
âLe, La, Lesâ are direct pronouns that help to avoid repetition in sentences and make the language more concise.
Le (him/it - masculine)
- La (her/it - feminine)
- Les (them - masculine or feminine)
Whether they are masculine or feminine, singular or plural, Le, la, and les are placed before the verb in a sentence. Le, La, Les can be used to refer to both people and things.
1- How to Use le, la, les in different tenses
Present tense - Présent
In the present tense, the pronouns Le, La, Les are placed between the subject and the verb
J'aime ce livre. (I like this book) - Je lâaime (I like it)
Elle porte la robe (She wears the dress) - Elle la porte. (She is wearing it)
Il regarde les enfants ( He watches the children) - Il les regarde ( He watches them)
Past participle - Passé composé
In the passé composé (compound past tense), le, la, les are placed between the subject and the verb.
Tu as mangĂ© le croissant ? (Have you eaten the croissant?) - Oui je lâai mangĂ© (Yes, I have eaten it)
Tu vas vu le film ? (Have you seen the movie?) - Oui je lâai vu (Yes, I have seen it)
Immediate future (futur proche) and future tense ( futur)
In the near future (futur proche) or future tense, the pronouns Le, La, Les are placed between the auxiliary verb âallerâ and the infinitive verb. Let's see this right away to help you understand the usage.
Tu vas lire le livre ? (Are you going to read the book?) - Oui je vais le lire (Yes, I am going to read it)
Il va donner la réponse ( He is going to give the answer) - Il va la donner ( He is going to give it)
Le la les and the négation
In negation, the direct object pronouns Le, La, and Les are placed after the first part of the negation âNeâ and before the second part âPasâ.
Je nâaime pas les carottes - I donât like carrots
Je ne les aime pas - I donât like them
Je nâai pas regardĂ© lâenfant - I didnât look at the child
Je ne lâai pas regardĂ© - I havenât watched him
2 -Pronouns Lui, leur & Examples in Context
The pronoun "lui" is used to replace a singular indirect object, which can be a person or, in some cases, an animal. It corresponds to both "him" and "her" in English.
You have to use indirect object pronouns (lui, leur), with verbs followed by the preposition âĂ â. The French preposition Ă means âtoâ ( someone as they are only used for people) in English.
âLuiâ is used for singular ( to him, to her) and âleurâ for plural.
There are certain verbs in French that are followed by the preposition Ă , they are mainly verbs of communication. Thereâs not a special rule that you can use, to know which verbs are followed by the preposition Ă . The best advice is to learn them by heart.
1- List of the common French verbs that take preposition Ă
Demander Ă quelquâun - to ask someone
Donner Ă quelquâun - to give to someone
Ecrire Ă quelquâun - to write to someone
Dire Ă quelquâun - to tell to someone
Parler Ă quelquâun - to talk to someone
Poser des questions Ă quelquâun - to ask someone questions
PrĂȘter Ă quelquâun - o lend to someone
Rendre visite Ă quelquâun - to pay a visit to someone
TĂ©lĂ©phoner Ă quelquâun - to phone to someone
RĂ©pondre Ă quelquâun - to answer someone
2- Examples in context
Je parle Ă Ron - I speak to Ron
Je lui parle - I speak to him
Tu telephones Ă tes parents - you speak to your parents
Tu leur parles - you speak to them
Elle envoie un texto Ă son frĂšre - she sends a text to her brother
Elle lui envoie un text - she sends him a text message
Elle parle Ă sa sĆur - she speaks to her sister
Elle lui parle - she speaks to her
Tu poses une question au professeur - you ask the teacher a question
Tu lui poses une question - you ask her a question
Vous donnez votre numéro de portable au professeur ? - do you give your teacher your phone number?
Vous lui donnez votre numéro de portable ? - do you give her your phone number ?
Quâest-ce que tu rĂ©ponds au professeur ? - what do you reply to the teacher ?
Quâest-ce que tu lui rĂ©ponds ? - what do you reply to her ?
3- Lui / Leur with passé composé - immediate future - future and modal verbs
-Passé composé - past participle
The pronoun is placed after the subject and before the auxiliary and the past participle.
For the negation, lui/leur is placed after the negation mark âneâ. The auxiliary verb ĂȘtre or avoir is in the second position. Then, the second part of the negation pas comes right after. Finally, it's the turn of the past participle.
Jâai parlĂ© Ă ton pĂšre - I spoke to your father
Je lui ai parlĂ© â I spoke to him
Je ne lui ai pas parlĂ© â I didnât speak to him
Future tense
Just like for the past participle, the pronoun is placed after the subject and before the verb conjugated at the future tense.
Je confirmerai ma décision à Enzo - I will confirm my decision to Enzo
Je lui confirmerai ma réponse - I will confirm my decision to him
Je ne lui confirmerai pas ma réponse - I will not confirm my decision
Modals verbs : pouvoir â devoir â vouloir and immediate future
The subject comes first and the modal verb ( vouloir, pouvoir, devoir or aller for the immediate future) comes in second position. The pronoun lui/leur is only placed after. The verb non conjugated is placed in the last portion of the sentence.
Est-ce que je peux parler Ă ta cheffe ? - can I speak to your chef ?
Est-ce que je peux lui parler ? - can I speak to her ?
Je ne peux pas lui parler â I canât speak to him
Je veux parler Ă mes amis tout de suite - I want to speak with my friends right now
Je veux leur parler tout de suite - I would like to speak to them now
Je ne veux pas leur parler tout de suite â I donât want to speak to them now
Je dois dire la vérité à mes amis - I must say the truth to my friends
Je dois leur dire la vérité - I must say the truth to them
Je ne dois pas leur dire la vĂ©ritĂ© - I mustnât tell them the truth
Je vais envoyer un texto Ă mon meilleur ami - I am going to send a text to my best friend
Je vais lui envoyer un texto - I am going to send him a text message
Je ne vais pas lui envoyer un texto - I am not going to send him a text message
3- Exercice to practice pronouns le, la,les, lui, leur
Complete the exercise with le,la,les,lui, leur
Marie adore son chat, elle _____ nourrit tous les jours.
Les enfants écoutent leur professeur, ils _____ posent des questions.
Paul écrit une lettre à son ami, il _____ envoie demain.
Regardez ces belles fleurs dans le jardin, _____ arrosez-vous souvent ?
Les élÚves demandent des conseils au professeur, il _____ donne volontiers.
J'ai donnĂ© un cadeau Ă ma sĆur, je _____ ai offert pour son anniversaire.
Pierre a offert des bonbons à ses amis, il _____ a achetés au magasin.
Elle parle à sa voisine de ses vacances, elle _____ raconte tous les détails.
Les enfants prĂȘtent leurs jouets Ă leurs cousins, ils _____ prĂȘtent quand ils viennent jouer.
Nous envoyons une carte postale à nos grands-parents, nous _____ écrivons un petit mot.
Vous téléphonez à votre amie, vous _____ dites bonjour.
Il prĂȘte son livre Ă sa sĆur, il _____ recommande de le lire.
Les voisins donnent leur vieille voiture Ă mon pĂšre, ils _____ donnent pour qu'il puisse l'utiliser.
Elle montre ses photos Ă ses amis, elle _____ montre fiĂšrement.
Nous prĂȘtons nos outils Ă nos voisins, nous _____ prĂȘtons quand ils en ont besoin.
Exercise correction
Marie le nourrit tous les jours.
Les enfants lui posent des questions.
Paul lui envoie demain.
Les arrosez-vous souvent ?
Le professeur leur donne volontiers.
Je lui ai offert pour son anniversaire.
Il les a achetés au magasin.
Elle lui raconte tous les détails.
Ils les prĂȘtent quand ils viennent jouer.
Nous leur écrivons un petit mot.
Vous lui dites bonjour.
Il lui recommande de le lire.
Ils la donnent pour qu'il puisse l'utiliser.
Elle les montre fiĂšrement.
Nous leur prĂȘtons quand ils en ont besoin.
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