Pronoun En in French : How To Use It Correctly
(Update August 2025)
In French, the pronoun āEnā can replace a quantity, a place, or the object. Using āenā helps to avoid repetition in sentences or in answers to questions. It makes the language more concise.
This little word has many possible translations: any, on, about it / them / of it / them.
It is used to avoid repeating the same word. āEnā replaces a noun (or a nominal group). We use it a lot in French but itās not always easy to figure out when and how to use it when you are not a native speaker.
Thatās why Iām sharing the grammatical rules on the use of āenā and providing you with many examples of sentences in context to better understand its usage.
En : Expression of quantity
1 - The pronoun EN replaces an undetermined quantity
In general, EN replaces an undetermined quantity (partitive), meaning it is impossible to count, the equivalent of āsomeā in English.
Tu manges de la soupe ā You eat some soup ?
Jāen mange - I eat some
Elle mange du chocolat - She eats chocolate
Elle en mange le soir - She eats some in the evening
Vous buvez du vin rouge ? ā You drink red wine?
Jāen bois au restaurant - I drink some at the restaurant
Il a beaucoup de travail - He has a lot of work
Il en a trop - He has too much ( of it)
Je cherche des idƩes - I am looking for ideas
Jāen cherche ā Iām looking for some
If someone asks - Il y a du beurre ? is there some butter? Donāt answer with : Oui il y a. You should answer - Oui il y en a - Yes there is some
āEnā replaces non precise quantities introduced by words like : du, de la, des ( + nouns) , beaucoup de, peu de, un peu de, trop de, moins de, plus de, autant de, assez de, plusieurs, quelques etc.
Jāai beaucoup de travail - I have a lot of work
Jāen ai beaucoup ā I have too much ( work)
Elle a très trop de réunions - She has too many meetings
Elle en a trop - She has too many
2 - The pronoun EN replaces a determined quantity / number
A-The pronoun 'en' is necessary even when the quantity is expressed in the sentence.
Using 'en' in a response when someone asks you a question is to avoid repetitions.
If someone asks you if you have children Vous avez des enfants ? instead of saying Oui jāai des enfants or Oui jāai trois enfants and repeating the word enfants in your response, you can say Oui jāen ai or Oui jāen ai trois for example
Vous avez des enfants? - Do you have children?
Jāen ai deux - I have two
Vous avez des amis australiens ? - Do you have Australian friends ?
Oui jāen ai 5 - Yes I have 5 of them
3 - En used for quantity zero / negation
Even if the quantity is negative, you must use āenā in the sentence. Letās see with an example:
Vous avez des enfants? - Do you have children?
Non je nāen ai pas - I donāt have any
Donāt answer with: Non je nāai pas as it is incorrect.
4 - The negation is placed before the block formed by the pronoun and the verb
Vous avez des amis? - Do you have friends?
Non je nāen ai pas - No I donāt have any
5 - In spoken French, French people remove the āneā in a negative answer
Vous avez un portable ? - Do you have a mobile ?
Non jāen ai pas - In this sentence ne disappears
6 - En with verbs that need ādeā
āEnā is used in certain common French expressions. In these expressions, it refers to things.
If you say Jāen ai marre - I've had enough, en refers to something.
You might be fed up with something: your job, your friends, your fiancƩ, the weather, etc.
Make sure you learn these expressions !
Jāen ai marre -Iām fed up
Jāen ai assez - Iāve had enough
Jāen ai ras le bol - Iāve had it
Je māen vais - Iām leaving
Ne tāen fais pas - Donāt worry
Exercise & correction
Tu veux du pain ? Oui Jāā¦..veux
Il y a des pommes dans le panier ? Oui il yā¦.a dans le panier
Elle a beaucoup de frĆØres et sÅurs ? Oui elleā¦..a beaucoup
On a besoin de sucre pour la recette ? Oui onā¦..a besoin
J'ai achetĆ© des cadeaux pour mes amis. Jāā¦.ai achetĆ© pour mes amis
Phrase : "Vous avez assez d'eau pour la journĆ©e ? Oui nousā¦..avons assez
Phrase : "Elle parle toujours de son travail ? Elleā¦parle beaucoup
Phrase : "Nous avons trop de devoirs Ć faire ce soir. Nousā¦avons trop
Phrase : "Il reste encore des places pour le concert ? Oui ilā¦.reste
Phrase : "Tu as mangĆ© du gĆ¢teau Ć la fĆŖte ? Jāā¦ai mangĆ© Ć la fĆŖte
Corrections
Oui, j'en veux
Il y en a dans le panier
Elle en a beaucoup
On en a besoin
J'en ai achetƩ pour mes amis
Oui, nous en avons assez
Elle en parle toujours
Nous en avons trop Ć faire ce soir
Il en reste encore
Oui, j'en ai mangĆ© Ć
You would like to improve your French grammar ?
Private French lessons online or in person in Paris with French Ć La Carte
If, you would like to practise with a French tutor, we can help you with private personalized lessons online or in person in Paris.
We offer
Conversational French
French for professionals
Lessons in the evening & on the week-ends
Immersive lessons in Paris
Exam preparation ( TCF, DELF, DALF)